The ex-Gambian leader, Yahya Jammeh
Gambian president Yahya Jammeh refused to step down and condemned efforts by West African regional leaders to get him to hand over power after he lost an election to challenger Adama Barrow.
Jammeh initially accepted the results of the 1 December election, which was seen across Africa as a moment of hope. He is accused by human rights groups of the detention, torture, and killing of perceived opponents during his 22-year rule.